ASTM E2587-2007 统计过程控制中控制图的使用标准实施规程

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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforUseofControlChartsinStatisticalProcessControl
【原文标准名称】:统计过程控制中控制图的使用标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME2587-2007
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E11.30
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:控制图;过程控制;质量;质量管理;统计方法分析;统计质量控制;统计学;使用
【英文主题词】:commoncause;controlchart;controllimits;rationalsubgroup;specialcause;stateofstatisticalcontrol;statisticalprocesscontrol;Controlcharts;Statisticalprocesscontrol(SPC)
【摘要】:Thispracticedescribestheuseofcontrolchartsasatoolforuseinstatisticalprocesscontrol(SPC).ControlchartsweredevelopedbyShewhart(1)inthe1920sandarestillinwideusetoday.SPCisabranchofstatisticalqualitycontrol(2,3),whichalsoencompassesprocesscapabilityanalysisandacceptancesamplinginspection.Processcapabilityanalysis,asdescribedinPracticeE2281,requirestheuseofSPCinsomeofitsprocedures.Acceptancesamplinginspection,describedinPracticesE1994andE2234,requirestheuseofSPCsoastominimizerejection.PrinciplesofSPC8212;Aprocessmaybedefinedasasetofinterrelatedactivitiesthatconvertinputsintooutputs.SPCusesvariousstatisticalmethodologiestoimprovethequalityofaprocessbyreducingthevariabilityofoneormoreofitsoutputs,forexample,aqualitycharacteristicofaproductorservice.Acertainamountofvariabilitywillexistinallprocessoutputsregardlessofhowwelltheprocessisdesignedormaintained.Aprocessoperatingwithonlythisinherentvariabilityissaidtobeinastateofstatisticalcontrol,withitsoutputvariabilitysubjectonlytochance,orcommon,causes.Processupsets,saidtobeduetoassignable,orspecialcauses,aremanifestedbychangesintheoutputlevel,suchasaspike,shift,trend,orbychangesinthevariabilityofanoutput.ThecontrolchartisthebasicanalyticaltoolinSPCandisusedtodetecttheoccurrenceofspecialcausesoperatingontheprocess.Whenthecontrolchartsignalsthepresenceofaspecialcause,otherSPCtools,suchasflowcharts,brainstorming,cause-and-effectdiagrams,orParetoanalysis,describedinvariousreferences(3-7),areusedtoidentifythespecialcause.Specialcauses,whenidentified,areeithereliminatedorcontrolled.Whenspecialcausevariationiseliminated,processvariabilityisreducedtoitsinherentvariability,andcontrolchartsthenfunctionasaprocessmonitor.Furtherreductioninvariationwouldrequiremodificationoftheprocessitself.Theuseofcontrolchartstoadjustoneormoreprocessinputsisnotrecommended,althoughacontrolchartmaysignaltheneedtodoso.ProcessadjustmentschemesareoutsidethescopeofthispracticeandarediscussedbyBoxandLuce?/span>o(8).1.1Thispracticeprovidesguidancefortheuseofcontrolchartsinstatisticalprocesscontrolprograms,whichimproveprocessqualitythroughreducingvariationandcontrollingtheprocesstoaparticulartargetlevelorhistoricalaverage.1.2Controlchartsareusedtomonitorproductorprocesscharacteristicstodeterminewhetherornotaprocessisinastateofstatisticalcontrol.Whenthisstateisattained,thetruemeanandthetruestandarddeviationofthatcharacteristicareconstant.1.3Thispracticeappliestovariablesdata(characteristicsmeasuredonacontinuousnumericalscale)andtoattributesdata(characteristicsmeasuredaspercentages,fractions,orcountsofoccurrencesinadefinedintervaloftimeorspace).1.4Thesystemofunitsforthispracticeisnotspecified.Dimensionalquantitiesinthepracticearepresentedonlyasillustrationsofcalculationmethods.Theexamplesarenotbindingonproductsortestmethodstreated.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddetermine......
【中国标准分类号】:A41
【国际标准分类号】:03_120_30
【页数】:13P.;A4
【正文语种】: